The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of ways of organizing scientific and professional activities among traditional formal. informal groups and virtual associations of scientists. The research methodology is based on a combined methodological approach. including the analysis of literary sources. https://www.diegojavierfares.com/amazing-price-Kicker-48CDF104-Comp-10-Down-Firing-Loaded-Subwoofer-Enclosure-special-find/